Genetics Lecture 19, 10/13 - Eukaryotes, Nucleic acid chemistry

Genetic material of eukaryotes (10:00)

• We would expect the genetic material to be in the nucleus (it is).
• Which wavelength of UV light is mutagenic?
• DNA and RNA absorb 260nm
• Protein absorbs the 280nm
• The wavelength that is mutagenic would indicate which molecule is the genetic material.
  
• This would indicate that the 260nm wavelength is mutagenic.
• Recombinant DNA work. If you put a piece of Eukaryotic DNA into a bacterial cell you can make protein from that DNA.

Nucleic Acid Chemistry (14:25)

• DNA and RNA are made of long chains of nucleotides.
• Nucleotide is composed of 3 subunits: phosphate group, nitrogenous base and sugar.
• Nitrogenous base:
  
• Purines: adenine and guanine
  
• Pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine and uracil
• In DNA: AGCT are present
• In RNA: AGCU are present
• Sugars: RNA - ribose and DNA - deoxyribose
• Phosphate group. The number of phosphates in the phosphate group determine what nucleotide you're dealing with.
  
• One phosphate - adenine monophosphate (AMP)
• two phosphate - adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
• 3 phosphate - Adneosine triphosphate (ATP)
  

• Know the structrue of the five bases as well as Deoxyribose and ribose.
• When nucleotides are linked together we covalently bond the phosphate of one nucleotide to the sugar of the second nucleotide --> phosphodiester bond.
• Dinucleotide - two nuclotides linked together and Tri would be three, oligo is 4- 50 nucleotides linked together, poly is 51+ nucleotides linked together.